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Related Experiment Videos

Habit versus planned behaviour: a field experiment

B Verplanken1, H Aarts, A van Knippenberg

  • 1Department of Social Psychology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands. verplanken@psych.kun.nl

The British Journal of Social Psychology
|April 29, 1998
PubMed
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Habits significantly influence travel choices, often overriding intentions. Interventions can strengthen intention-behavior links, but only when habits are weak, highlighting habits

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Transportation Studies

Background:

  • The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) effectively predicts behavior through attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention.
  • However, the role of habit in moderating the intention-behavior relationship, particularly in established behaviors like travel mode choice, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predictive power of habit strength and TPB constructs on repeated travel mode choices.
  • To examine how habit strength moderates the relationship between behavioral intentions and actual behavior.
  • To explore whether prompting participants to reflect on behavioral circumstances can enhance intention-behavior consistency.

Main Methods:

  • A field experiment was conducted over seven days, measuring car use.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Habit strength was assessed using self-reported frequency and a personal scripts measure.
  • TPB variables (attitude, subjective norm, perceived control, intention) were measured.
  • Participants were randomly assigned to either a reflection condition (thinking about circumstances) or a control group.

    • Main Results:

    • Both habit measures and TPB constructs (intention, perceived control) predicted car use.
    • Significant habit x intention interactions revealed that intentions predicted behavior only when habit strength was low; no intention-behavior link existed for strong habits.
    • The reflection manipulation strengthened the intention-behavior relationship but did not affect the habit-behavior link.

    Conclusions:

    • Habit strength acts as a boundary condition for the Theory of Planned Behavior, limiting the applicability of intentions when behaviors are habitual.
    • While external prompts can enhance intention enactment, their effectiveness is constrained by the strength of existing habits.
    • Future interventions aiming to change habitual behaviors should consider strategies that directly address or circumvent habit strength.