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Zoonotic filariasis

T C Orihel1, M L Eberhard

  • 1School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA. orihel@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|June 20, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Animal filariae commonly infect humans, causing zoonotic infections worldwide. These parasites can manifest in various tissues, with identification often challenging.

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Veterinary parasitology·2003

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Human Infectious Diseases
  • Zoonotic Infections

Background:

  • Filariae, particularly those from mammals, frequently infect humans, leading to zoonotic infections globally.
  • These infections can be asymptomatic or symptomatic and are often discovered incidentally in tissue biopsies or from superficial sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the range of animal filariae that infect humans.
  • To discuss the common sites of infection and challenges in identifying these zoonotic parasites.

Main Methods:

  • Review of reported cases and scientific literature on human filarial infections.
  • Morphological analysis of filarial worms isolated from human tissues.

Main Results:

  • Various filarial genera (e.g., Dirofilaria, Brugia, Onchocerca) have been isolated from humans, residing in subcutaneous tissues, lymphatics, eyes, and the central nervous system.
  • Identification of some zoonotic filariae remains difficult, even at the generic level.
  • Species like Microfilaria semiclarum and Microfilaria bolivarensis are known to cause patent infections but are poorly understood.

Conclusions:

  • It is highly probable that most animal filariae can infect humans under suitable conditions.
  • Ongoing discovery of new filarial species infecting humans is expected.

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