Diagnostic imaging of the brain in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

The central nervous system is commonly involved in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), resulting in a variety of lesions and diseases. They can be divided into the primary effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), opportunistic infections, tumors, and vascular disease. This article is a review of the major imaging findings observed in each disease, with clinical and pathological correlations relevant to the goal of differential diagnosis.