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Solid-state characterization of chlordiazepoxide polymorphs

D Singh1, P V Marshall, L Shields

  • 1Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, and Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|May 20, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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A new crystal form of chlordiazepoxide, known as form II, was discovered. This novel polymorphic phase, distinct from form I, was characterized using multiple analytical techniques and exhibits unique crystallographic properties.

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Pharmaceutical science

Background:

  • Polymorphism is common in pharmaceutical compounds, influencing drug properties.
  • Chlordiazepoxide, a benzodiazepine, has a known crystal form (form I).
  • Understanding different polymorphic forms is crucial for drug development and formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report and characterize a novel crystal form (form II) of chlordiazepoxide.
  • To compare form II with the established form I.
  • To elucidate the crystallographic and thermodynamic relationship between the two forms.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray diffractometry (powder and single-crystal)
  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
  • Infrared spectroscopy

Related Experiment Videos

  • Microscopy (hot stage)
  • Solution calorimetry
  • Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR)

    • Main Results:

    • A new polymorphic form (form II) of chlordiazepoxide was identified, predominantly isolated from methanol.
    • Form II was distinguished from form I by various analytical methods, including X-ray diffraction and DSC.
    • The two forms are enantiotropically related, with a solid-state transition from form II to form I observed between 200-225°C.
    • Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed form II crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with specific lattice parameters.
    • Both forms exhibit similar cell symmetry, volume, and density, with differences in dimer packing arrangements.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel, stable polymorphic form (form II) of chlordiazepoxide has been successfully synthesized and characterized.
    • The enantiotropic relationship and transition behavior between form I and form II provide valuable insights into chlordiazepoxide's solid-state properties.
    • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of chlordiazepoxide polymorphism, potentially impacting its pharmaceutical applications.