Vertical dimension and freeway space in implant prosthodontics: components of macroaesthetics

The concept of prosthesis-directed implant-supported restorations in now fully recognized, increasing the importance of prosthodontics in the initial treatment planning. This article reviews the role of prosthodontics in planning and execution of the restoration, with focus on the vertical dimension and freeway space--the major components of macroaesthetics. The signs of ridge resorption and ridge extrusion are identified, and the methods of ridge correction are presented, including alveolectomy prior to fabrication of the prosthesis and the adjustment of the abutment height to the modified ridge.