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Healing bone using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 and copolymer

C A Kirker-Head1, T N Gerhart, R Armstrong

  • 1Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|May 19, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 combined with a bioerodible polymer effectively healed large bone defects in sheep femurs. This bone graft substitute shows promise for treating critical-sized bone injuries.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Segmental bone defects pose significant clinical challenges.
  • Current treatments often involve autografts or allografts with limitations.
  • Novel biomaterials are needed to enhance bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) delivered via a poly[D,L-(lactide-co-glycolide)] (PLGA) scaffold in healing large segmental bone defects.
  • To assess the bone healing process using a combination of clinical, radiographic, and histological evaluations.

Main Methods:

  • Creation of 2.5-cm mid-diaphyseal segmental defects in sheep femurs.
  • Implantation of rhBMP-2/PLGA/autologous blood composites in varying concentrations.

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  • Control group received PLGA/autologous blood only.
  • Bone healing assessment over 1 year via radiography, gross pathology, and histology.

    • Main Results:

    • Bone union achieved in 3/7 sheep with 2 mg rhBMP-2 and 2/3 sheep with 4 mg rhBMP-2; no union in the control group.
    • Radiographic evidence of new bone formation by 2-6 weeks.
    • Full mineralization and medullary cavity recanalization by 16 and 52 weeks, respectively.
    • Complete resorption of PLGA scaffold and bridging of defect with new bone observed at necropsy.

    Conclusions:

    • rhBMP-2 delivered via a PLGA scaffold is effective in healing large segmental bone defects in a large animal model.
    • The PLGA/rhBMP-2 composite demonstrates potential as a bone graft substitute for challenging orthopedic injuries.
    • Further investigation into scaffold degradation and host response is warranted.