The Drug Evaluation Classification Program: using ocular and other signs to detect drug intoxication
E M Kosnoski1, R L Yolton, K Citek
1Pacific University College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon, USA.
Journal of the American Optometric Association
|May 20, 1998
Summary
Police officers can accurately detect drug intoxication and classify drug types using a 12-step evaluation of physiological signs. This systematic approach aids in identifying the influence of seven major drug categories.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Toxicology
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- A systematic approach has been developed for police officers to determine drug intoxication.
- Trained officers can identify the effects of seven major drug types by observing specific physiological signs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline a systematic approach for police officers to determine drug intoxication.
- To enable officers to detect and classify the effects of seven major drug types.
Main Methods:
- Officers utilize a 12-step testing sequence evaluating pupil size and response, eye movements, heart rate, body temperature, mental timing, and balance.
- A matrix compares observed signs to patterns associated with seven drug types for identification.
Main Results:
- Field and laboratory studies show officers achieve 70% to 90% accuracy in determining intoxication and drug classification.
- Challenges in interpretation can arise from poly-drug use and drug rebound effects.
Conclusions:
- Ocular and physiological signs effectively detect drug intoxication and classify drug types.
- Optometrists can consult with law enforcement and serve as expert witnesses regarding ocular signs of illicit drug use.
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