Influence of bone quality on the stress distribution. An in vitro experiment

Adequate bone quality and stress distribution to the bone are of decisive importance for implant success. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of bone quality on the stress distribution using 2 implant-bone mimicking models, simulating compact and cancellous bone quality. The resin model was made of an acrylic resin only simulating compact bone quality. The hybrid model was made of 2 kinds of materials, acrylic resin covered with a 1-mm layer of urethane to simulate cancellous bone quality. An implant was embedded in each model, and the abutment and suprastructures were connected to the implant. A strain gauge was placed perpendicular to the implant on the surface of the model and a small accelerometer was attached to the abutment. When an impact load was applied to the suprastructure, both strain and acceleration were measured. Both abutment acceleration and surface strain in the hybrid model decreased rapidly as time progressed when compared to the resin model. Abutment accelerations in the resin model were significantly lower than those in the hybrid model. In the hybrid model, the strain increased as the loading site was moved closer to the strain gauge. The influence of loading sites on strain in the resin model was greater than in the hybrid model. Therefore, the occlusal stress was distributed more widely in the hybrid model than in the resin model. This may indicate that occlusal stress in compact bone may have a tendency to concentrate in particular regions.