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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
Published on: September 17, 2013
TMJ clicking: a comparison of clinical examination, sonography, and axiography
P Bracco1, A Deregibus, R Piscetta
1Department of Orthodontics and Gnathology, Dental School, University of Torino. dere.and@inrete.it
Abstract:
A sample of 30 subjects, 15 with and 15 without subjective temporomandibular joint (TMJ) complaints (noises, sounds), underwent a clinical examination, a sonography and an axiography, to detect TMJ clicking. The clinical examination found 22 noisy joints in a total of 60 TMJs considered. Axiography found 19 noisy joints and sonography 32. While 90% of the examined joints showed agreement between axiography and clinical examination (with a little higher sensitivity demonstrated by clinical examination with respect to axiography), 20% of the joints were positive for clicking in sonography only. Sonography showed a high sensitivity in detection of joint noises which suggests its utility as a screening test for early detection of craniomandibular disorders.
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