A comparison of canal centering ability of four instrumentation techniques

The purpose of this study was to compare three engine driven (nickel-titanium) NiTi instrument systems with hand files for their effect on canal transportation. Mesial roots of mature lower first molars with separate canals were paired on the basis of curvature and morphology. Canal lengths were standardized to 11 mm from orifice to apical foramen. Profile, Lightspeed, McXIM, and Flex-R hand filing techniques respectively were randomly assigned to one of the four canals of each tooth pair. The roots were mounted and sectioned at 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm from working length using a modified Bramante technique. All sections were video imaged preoperatively after instrumentation to size #30 and after final instrumentation to size #40. The images were computer analyzed for changes in canal area and centering at each stage of instrumentation. Preparation time was also recorded. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The NiTi systems remained better centered in the canal than stainless steel hand files. There were no significant differences among the NiTi systems at any level. The difference between hand filing and the NiTi techniques was more pronounced at size #40 than at size #30. The NiTi systems were all significantly faster than hand filing. No significant differences in preparation were found between the NiTi systems when canals were instrumented to the size nearest #40.