Transdermal drug delivery. Clinical aspects

The delivery of drugs into and through the skin is a recognized and effective means of therapy for dermatologic, regional, and systemic disease. The selection of drug candidates and the rational design of suitable formulations depends upon the biological make-up of the skin's barrier, and the physiochemical interactions between the membrane, the delivery system technology, and the active agent. This article summarizes the state of the art and examines more recent developments that are the subject of considerable research at this time. In addition, the potential to use the skin as a portal for noninvasive clinical chemistry (e.g., for glucose monitoring in diabetics) is discussed.