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Risk factors for twinning in dairy cows
M L Kinsel1, W E Marsh, P L Ruegg
1Caine Veterinary Teaching Center, Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Caldwell 83605, USA.
Journal of Dairy Science
|May 22, 1998
Summary
Dairy cow twinning rates increased significantly from 1983 to 1993. Higher milk production, cystic ovarian disease, and certain drug therapies were linked to increased twinning, with rising milk production being the primary driver.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Animal Reproduction
- Dairy Science
Background:
- Twinning in dairy cattle can impact herd health and productivity.
- Understanding risk factors for twinning is crucial for dairy management.
- Previous studies have explored various factors, but comprehensive analysis is ongoing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors associated with twinning in North American dairy cattle.
- To analyze trends in twinning rates over a 10-year period.
- To determine the primary drivers of increased twinning incidence.
Main Methods:
- Evaluation of 52,362 lactation records from 260 dairy farms over 10 years.
- Analysis of associations between twinning and reproductive disease, parity, production, and drug therapy.
- Multivariate logistical regression to identify significant risk factors.
Main Results:
- Twinning rates increased from 1.4% to 2.4% between 1983 and 1993.
- Twinning incidence rose with increased parity, exceeding 4.1% in cows of fifth lactation or higher.
- Increased milk production, cystic ovarian disease, and use of GnRH, PGF2 alpha, and antibiotics were associated with higher twinning rates.
Conclusions:
- Rising milk production is the most significant factor contributing to increased twinning rates in dairy cows.
- Reproductive health issues and specific pharmaceutical interventions also play a role.
- Management strategies should consider these factors to mitigate potential negative impacts of twinning.
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