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Related Experiment Videos

Drug-induced gingival enlargements

P Desai1, J G Silver

  • 1College of Dental Surgeons, Vancouver, B.C. pnvdesai@mail.ocis.net

Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
|May 22, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Certain medications like Dilantin (phenytoin), cyclosporin, and calcium channel blockers can cause gingival enlargement. This condition involves increased extracellular tissue, not cell count, and has specific clinical and treatment considerations.

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Gingival enlargement can stem from various etiologies.
  • Drug-induced gingival enlargement is a significant clinical concern.
  • Commonly implicated drugs include Dilantin (phenytoin), cyclosporin, and calcium channel blockers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the clinical presentation of drug-induced gingival enlargements.
  • To explore the pathogenic mechanisms behind these enlargements.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for drug-induced gingival enlargement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on drug-induced gingival enlargement.
  • Analysis of clinical and microscopic features.
  • Discussion of pharmacological and pathological pathways.

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Main Results:

  • Phenytoin is the most common drug associated with gingival enlargement.
  • Cyclosporin and calcium channel blockers are also significant causative agents.
  • Gingival enlargement is characterized by increased extracellular tissue volume, not cellular hyperplasia.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate terminology is crucial; 'gingival hyperplasia' is inappropriate.
  • Understanding pathogenic mechanisms aids in diagnosis and management.
  • Comprehensive management involves identifying the causative drug and implementing appropriate treatment options.