Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2026

Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
14:39

Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples

Published on: April 21, 2014

[Classification of cardiomyopathies according to the WHO/ISFC Task Force--more questions than answers?]

B Maisch

    Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983)
    |May 22, 1998
    PubMed

    Insights

    The 1995 WHO/ISFC cardiomyopathy classification includes new forms like arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. It clarifies terms for ischemic, hypertensive, and valvular cardiomyopathies, aiding heart muscle disease diagnosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Pathology

    Context:

    • The 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology (WHO/ISFC) classification of cardiomyopathies defines heart muscle diseases based on cardiac function disturbances.
    • It categorizes cardiomyopathies into five primary forms: dilated (DCM), hypertrophic (HCM), restrictive (RCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular (ARVCM), and non-classified (NKCM), based on hemodynamic criteria.

    Purpose:

    • To outline the updated WHO/ISFC classification of cardiomyopathies established in 1995.
    • To introduce new entities and clarify existing definitions within cardiomyopathy classification.

    Summary:

    • The 1995 classification introduced arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVCM) as a distinct entity.
    • It refined terms such as ischemic cardiomyopathy (focusing on non-infarcted myocardium remodeling), hypertensive cardiomyopathy (left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension), and valvular cardiomyopathy (cardiomegaly beyond valvular dysfunction).
    • Inflammatory cardiomyopathy was defined as myocarditis with cardiac dysfunction, linked to infectious or autoimmune factors. Recent consensus clarified criteria for inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi) and diagnostic standards for endomyocardial biopsies.

    Impact:

    • Provides a standardized framework for classifying heart muscle diseases, improving diagnostic accuracy and communication among clinicians and researchers.
    • Facilitates further research into the specific etiologies and pathogenetic mechanisms of different cardiomyopathy subtypes, particularly inflammatory and arrhythmogenic forms.
    • Establishes criteria for diagnosing inflammatory cardiomyopathies and guides molecular and virological diagnostic approaches in endomyocardial biopsies.

    More Related Videos

    Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Endomyocardial Bioptic Samples of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients09:16

    Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Endomyocardial Bioptic Samples of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients

    Published on: February 28, 2018

    Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model03:45

    Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model

    Published on: August 8, 2022

    Related Concept Videos

    Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

    Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

    Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
    Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

    Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

    Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
    Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

    Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

    Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
    Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

    Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
    Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

    Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

    Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
    Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

    Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

    Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...