Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of the first highly potent, selective, and bioavailable...

Structure-activity studies have been performed to optimize the potency of this novel series of AMPDA inhibitors. Conformational rigidification of the N-3 sidechain resulted in substantial effect on the potency. Addition of the hydrophobic groups provided further benefit. The most potent compound identified, 4g (Ki = 3 nM), bears little structural resemblance to AMP and exhibits a remarkable improvement (10(3) and 10(5)) in binding affinity relative to the original lead and AMP, respectively. The application of prodrug strategy achieved a large improvement (benzyl ester 5d) in oral bioavailability, resulting in compounds that should be useful in evaluating the role of AMPDA in normo- and pathophysiological states.