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The brain in evolution and involution

A Parent1

  • 1Laboratoire de neurobiologie, Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Beauport, QC, Canada.

Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
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The basal ganglia, crucial for psychomotor control, show significant phylogenetic evolution across vertebrates. Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Huntington's highlight their role in motor and cognitive functions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • The basal ganglia are large subcortical structures vital for psychomotor behavior.
  • Their phylogenetic evolution and structural organization are key to understanding brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overview the phylogenetic evolution and structural organization of the basal ganglia.
  • To examine the functional status of basal ganglia chemospecific systems in health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Neuroanatomical methods
  • Transmitter localization procedures
  • Analysis of animal models and postmortem patient material

Main Results:

  • Basal ganglia components are well-developed in amniotes, rudimentary in anamniotes.

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  • Substantia nigra with dopaminergic neurons exists in reptiles.
  • Neurodegenerative diseases target ancient basal ganglia components, causing motor and cognitive deficits.

    • Conclusions:

    • Phylogenetic studies reveal basal ganglia evolution across vertebrates.
    • Dysfunction in basal ganglia, particularly substantia nigra and striatum, underlies motor and cognitive deficits in neurodegenerative diseases.
    • Research necessitates a reevaluation of basal ganglia functional models in health and disease.