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[Human cellular immunity and space flights]

A T Lesniak, M P Rykova, D O Meshkov

    Aviakosmicheskaia I Ekologicheskaia Meditsina = Aerospace and Environmental Medicine
    |June 2, 1998
    PubMed
    Summary

    Spaceflight impairs cellular immunity, decreasing immune function and increasing allergen sensitivity. Modified immunologic tests adapted for microgravity show comparable efficacy to standard methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Space Medicine
    • Immunology
    • Microgravity Research

    Context:

    • Long-term space missions pose unique challenges to astronaut health.
    • Understanding immune system adaptation in microgravity is crucial for crew safety.
    • Previous studies indicate potential immune dysregulation during spaceflight.

    Purpose:

    • To summarize findings on cellular immunity in astronauts during long-term missions.
    • To present data from head-down tilting (HDT) experiments simulating microgravity effects.
    • To adapt and evaluate immunologic test methods for microgravity environments.

    Summary:

    • Spaceflight conditions were found to alter immunologic reactivity, characterized by reduced cellular immunity indices and increased allergen sensitization.
    • Modified immunologic assays, including lymphocyte proliferation and natural cytotoxicity tests, were developed and validated.

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  • These adapted tests demonstrated efficacy comparable to standard methods using minimal blood volumes and equipment.

    • Impact:

    • The study provides insights into the immunological consequences of space travel.
    • Validated microgravity-adapted immunologic tests can facilitate ongoing health monitoring of astronauts.
    • Findings contribute to developing countermeasures for immune system challenges in space exploration.