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[Hematological changes in hyperthyroidism. A case report]

G Bertola1, M Bocchia, P Ribotto

  • 1Divisione di Medicina II, Ospedale S. Corona, Garbagnate Milanese.

Recenti Progressi in Medicina
|June 5, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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This case study shows how hyperthyroidism (Basedow's disease) can cause blood count abnormalities, including anemia and low white blood cells. Achieving euthyroidism with radioiodine therapy normalized these hematologic parameters.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid disorders, particularly hyperthyroidism, can manifest with diverse systemic symptoms.
  • Hematologic abnormalities are recognized, though less commonly reported, complications of thyroid dysfunction.
  • This case involves a patient with untreated Basedow's disease presenting with multiple cytopenias.

Observation:

  • A 63-year-old female with diabetes and Basedow's disease presented with microcytic anemia, leukopenia (predominantly lymphocytopenia), and mild thrombocytopenia.
  • Bone marrow aspiration revealed minor dyserythropoietic changes and a reduced myeloid-erythroid ratio.
  • No prior treatment with antithyroid agents was administered before diagnosis.

Findings:

  • Rapid normalization of blood cell indices was observed following radioiodine therapy (I131) and achievement of euthyroidism.

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  • This suggests a direct correlation between the patient's thyropathy and the observed hematologic alterations.
  • Post-treatment hypothyroidism was managed with levothyroxine, maintaining normal hematologic and thyroid function parameters during follow-up.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the potential for significant, multi-lineage hematologic derangements in hyperthyroidism.
    • It underscores the importance of evaluating thyroid function in patients with unexplained cytopenias.
    • Successful treatment of hyperthyroidism led to complete hematologic recovery, reinforcing the link between thyroid status and blood cell health.