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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Fates of Pyruvate01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

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Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

A Toolkit to Enable Hydrocarbon Conversion in Aqueous Environments
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Exploring polyhydroxyalkanoates biosynthesis using hydrocarbons as carbon source: a comprehensive review.

G Corti Monzón1, G Bertola2, M K Herrera Seitz3

  • 1Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Ambiente, INCITAA, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. cortimonzon@mdp.edu.ar.

Biodegradation
|February 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain bacteria degrade hydrocarbon pollutants and can simultaneously produce bioplastics called polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). This dual capability offers a promising strategy for addressing both environmental pollution and plastic waste challenges.

Keywords:
BiodegradationHydrocarbonsPollutionPolyhydroxyalkanoates

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Polymer science

Background:

  • Petrochemical hydrocarbon (HC) pollution and plastic waste pose significant environmental threats.
  • Bacteria capable of degrading HC offer bioremediation potential.
  • Some HC-degrading bacteria can also produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a type of bioplastic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent scientific advancements on HC-degrading bacteria for PHA production.
  • To explore microbial strains, bioplastic types, and metabolic pathways involved.
  • To assess the potential of these bacteria for simultaneous bioremediation and bioplastic synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific advancements.
  • Analysis of microbial strains and PHA types.
  • Investigation of HC biodegradation and PHA production pathways.

Main Results:

  • HC-degrading bacteria can be utilized for PHA biosynthesis, particularly under high C/N or C/P ratios.
  • These bacteria offer a dual function: degrading pollutants and producing bioplastics.
  • Current production costs for bacterial PHAs remain a significant barrier compared to petroleum plastics.

Conclusions:

  • HC-degrading bacteria represent a versatile tool for tackling both HC pollution and plastic waste.
  • Further research is needed to overcome cost challenges in PHA production from HC.
  • Optimizing these processes can lead to sustainable solutions for environmental remediation and bioplastic generation.