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Related Experiment Videos

The relationship between remembering and knowing: a cognitive neuroscience perspective

B J Knowlton1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA. knowlton@psych.ucla.edu

Acta Psychologica
|June 11, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive neuroscience reveals multiple memory systems. Remembering and knowing are distinct recognition types, both impaired by medial temporal lobe damage, suggesting "knowing" supports "remembering" and frontal lobes are crucial for remembering.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology of Memory

Background:

  • Multiple memory systems are supported by cognitive neuroscience.
  • Remembering and knowing are proposed as distinct recognition types with separate neural underpinnings.
  • The explicit/implicit memory distinction is not equivalent to remember/know.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural substrates of remembering and knowing.
  • To clarify the relationship between remembering, knowing, and explicit/implicit memory distinctions.
  • To determine the neural basis differentiating remembering from knowing.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of evidence from cognitive neuroscience studies.
  • Examination of memory performance in individuals with medial temporal lobe damage.

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  • Neuroimaging and lesion studies investigating memory recall.

    • Main Results:

    • Both remembering and knowing are impaired following medial temporal lobe damage.
    • Evidence suggests a relationship of redundancy between knowing and remembering, with knowing processes active during remembering.
    • Remembering shows additional dependence on frontal lobe functioning.

    Conclusions:

    • Remembering and knowing represent distinct memory processes with overlapping and unique neural substrates.
    • "Knowing" appears to be a foundational component of "remembering".
    • Frontal lobe integrity is critical for the full expression of remembering, beyond the medial temporal lobe contributions shared with knowing.