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Related Experiment Videos

Nitrite and nitrate analyses: a clinical biochemistry perspective

G Ellis1, I Adatia, M Yazdanpanah

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.

Clinical Biochemistry
|July 1, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Nitrite and nitrate assays in body fluids have limited diagnostic value due to overlapping concentrations with healthy individuals. Their primary use may be monitoring disease progression or therapy response.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) metabolism produces nitrite and nitrate ions.
  • Dietary intake significantly influences body fluid concentrations of nitrite and nitrate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available assays for measuring nitrite and nitrate ions in body fluids.
  • To explore the clinical applications and diagnostic utility of these measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature searches of Medline and Current Contents databases.
  • Review of established and emerging methods for ion measurement.
  • Summarization of reference values and clinical changes.

Main Results:

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  • Nitrite and nitrate levels vary across numerous clinical conditions including infections, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders.
  • Dietary and environmental factors complicate interpretation of ion concentrations.
  • Most disease-associated changes are descriptive, with significant overlap between patient and control groups.

    • Conclusions:

    • Diagnostic utility of nitrite and nitrate assays is limited.
    • Potential role in monitoring disease progression or therapeutic response.
    • Environmental associations, particularly with drinking water, remain controversial except for infant methemoglobinemia.