Knowledge, perceptions, and practice of nurses toward HIV+/AIDS patients diagnosed with tuberculosis

Area of Science:

• Infectious Disease Research
• Nursing Education
• Public Health

Background:

• Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern in the U.S.
• Nurses face occupational exposure risks to TB, often unaware of infection risks.
• HIV-associated TB presents distinct clinical characteristics compared to standard TB.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the impact of an educational intervention on nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and infection control compliance.
• Focus on nurses caring for patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) diagnosed with TB.
• Evaluate improvements in adherence to infection control standards for high-risk patient populations.

Main Methods:

• A quasi-experimental design involving 50 staff nurses.
• Participants were divided into an experimental group (n=35) and a control group (n=15).
• Knowledge tests, attitude surveys, and direct observation of infection control practices (pretest/posttest) were utilized.

Main Results:

• The experimental group showed significantly greater TB knowledge improvement compared to the control group (p=.000).
• Enhanced adherence to respiratory isolation and universal precaution protocols was observed in the experimental group (p=.004).
• No significant changes were noted in nurses' knowledge of AIDS, attitudes, or concerns regarding care for these patients.

Conclusions:

• The study underscores the necessity of continuous educational programs for nurses.
• Regular monitoring of infection control practices is crucial for improving patient and caregiver outcomes.
• Targeted education can enhance nurses' understanding and application of TB infection control measures.