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Extracranial giant cell arteritis

D J Evans1, M J Wilkins, J F Wazir

  • 1Departments of Histopathology and Surgery, Imperial College, Saint Mary's Hospital, London, UK.

Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
|July 9, 1998
PubMed
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Giant cell arteritis (GCA) can affect extracranial arteries, but is often unrecognized. This case highlights GCA

Area of Science:

  • Vascular pathology
  • Rheumatology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis primarily affecting large and medium-sized arteries.
  • Extracranial GCA, while considered relatively common, presents diagnostic challenges due to infrequent recognition of its clinical manifestations.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with a critical gastrointestinal complication: intestinal perforation.
  • The patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, leading to mortality.

Findings:

  • Post-mortem examination revealed active GCA involving multiple vascular beds.
  • Specifically, the coronary, mesenteric, and temporal arteries were affected by active GCA.
  • This demonstrates a rare, severe presentation of extracranial GCA.

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Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering GCA in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained gastrointestinal complications.
  • Early recognition and treatment of extracranial GCA may be crucial to prevent catastrophic outcomes.
  • Further research into the clinical presentation and diagnostic strategies for extracranial GCA is warranted.