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Medication induced gingival overgrowth

R I Marshall1, P M Bartold

  • 1Department of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. r.marshall@mailbox.uq.edu.au

Oral Diseases
|July 29, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Certain medications can cause gingival overgrowth, a condition affecting gum tissue. This review explores drug-induced gingival overgrowth, focusing on its causes, clinical features, and treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Periodontology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Gingival overgrowth can stem from various causes, including idiopathic, pathological, and pharmacological factors.
  • This review specifically focuses on gingival overgrowths induced by pharmacological agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacokinetics, side effects, clinical and histological features, and treatment of drugs causing gingival overgrowth.
  • To propose a unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharmacological agents associated with gingival overgrowth.
  • Analysis of drug pharmacokinetics, side effects, and clinical/histological presentations.
  • Examination of potential pathogenetic mechanisms.

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Main Results:

  • Identified various pharmacological agents linked to gingival overgrowth.
  • Detailed the clinical and histological characteristics of drug-induced gingival overgrowths.
  • Discussed treatment options for gingival overgrowth.

Conclusions:

  • Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a significant clinical concern.
  • A proposed unifying hypothesis suggests inhibition of apoptosis and decreased collagenase activity, modulated by cytoplasmic calcium, underlie gingival overgrowth.
  • Further research into these mechanisms may inform novel therapeutic strategies.