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Related Experiment Videos

Artificial cells with emphasis on bioencapsulation in biotechnology

T M Chang1

  • 1Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Biotechnology Annual Review
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Artificial cells offer versatile bioencapsulation for diverse applications, from medical treatments like hemoperfusion and artificial blood substitutes to biotechnological production. Their adaptable membranes and contents enable tailored functions for various therapeutic and industrial uses.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Artificial cells are engineered microcapsules mimicking natural cells.
  • Their key feature is bioencapsulation of active materials within a selectively permeable membrane.
  • Membrane properties (permeability, composition, shape) can be customized using synthetic or biological materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse applications and potential of artificial cells.
  • To highlight their role in medicine, biotechnology, and chemical engineering.
  • To showcase the versatility derived from customizable contents and membranes.

Main Methods:

  • Bioencapsulation of various materials including adsorbents, hemoglobin, cell cultures, and enzymes.

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  • Modification of artificial cell membrane properties (composition, permeability, shape).
  • Development of artificial cells for therapeutic interventions and biotechnological production.

    • Main Results:

    • Artificial cells are used in hemoperfusion for poisoning and kidney failure.
    • Hemoglobin-based artificial red blood cells are in clinical trials.
    • Encapsulated cells and enzymes show promise for treating diabetes, liver failure, and genetic disorders.
    • Artificial cells are utilized for producing monoclonal antibodies and interferon.
    • Applications extend to drug delivery and waste conversion (urea, ammonia).

    Conclusions:

    • Artificial cells provide a flexible platform for advanced therapeutic and biotechnological applications.
    • Customizable design allows for tailored solutions in medicine and industry.
    • Ongoing research and clinical trials indicate significant future potential.