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Thermozymes

C Vieille1, D S Burdette, J G Zeikus

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48909, USA.

Biotechnology Annual Review
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thermostable enzymes, or thermozymes, from thermophiles and hyperthermophiles retain their thermal properties when expressed in mesophilic hosts. Their stability arises from numerous subtle genetic differences, not obvious sequence or structural features.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Enzymes from thermophiles and hyperthermophiles exhibit remarkable thermostability and thermophilicity.
  • These 'thermozymes' share catalytic mechanisms with mesophilic enzymes.
  • Thermozyme properties are genetically encoded and retained upon expression in mesophilic hosts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms underlying enzyme thermostability and thermophilicity.
  • To explore the relationship between thermal properties and protein structure/dynamics.
  • To discuss the industrial potential and future development of thermozymes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of thermozymes and mesophilic enzymes using sequence and crystal structure data.

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  • Examination of intrinsic stabilizing forces (e.g., salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions).
  • Discussion of extrinsic stabilizing factors and their influence.

    • Main Results:

    • Thermozymes are structurally and sequentially similar to mesophilic enzymes.
    • No single sequence or structural feature universally explains thermostability.
    • Thermostability and thermophilicity result from accumulated subtle sequence variations.
    • Mechanisms of stability vary significantly between different enzymes.

    Conclusions:

    • Thermostability and thermophilicity are multifactorial properties.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is key to protein engineering and industrial applications.
    • Thermostable enzymes offer significant potential for industrial catalysis and specialized uses.