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The counting Stroop: an interference task specialized for functional neuroimaging--validation study with functional

G Bush1, P J Whalen, B R Rosen

  • 1Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA. geo@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu

Human Brain Mapping
|August 15, 1998
PubMed
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The anterior cingulate cortex is involved in cognitive interference and learning. New fMRI methods using the Counting Stroop task reveal its role in processing conflicting information.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in response selection and attentional allocation during cognitive interference.
  • Previous studies using the color Stroop task suggest ACC activation, but speech-related head movements limit fMRI data acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the neural substrates of cognitive interference using a novel task that avoids speech-related artifacts.
  • To investigate the role of the ACC in cognitive interference and learning through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Counting Stroop task, a speech-independent Stroop variant measuring on-line response times.
  • fMRI data acquisition from nine healthy adults performing the Counting Stroop task with interference and neutral conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of fMRI data and behavioral performance metrics to correlate neural activity with cognitive interference and learning.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant activation in the cognitive division of the ACC was observed when contrasting interference versus neutral conditions (P < 10(-4)).
    • Behavioral data showed longer reaction times for interference trials and decreased interference effects with practice, indicating learning.
    • ACC activity difference between conditions diminished as subjects learned the task, correlating with behavioral learning effects.

    Conclusions:

    • The Counting Stroop task effectively isolates cognitive interference and allows for simultaneous fMRI and performance data collection.
    • The ACC plays a crucial role in mediating cognitive interference and adapting to learning during tasks with competing information.
    • Findings contribute to theories of attention, cognitive control, learning, and motor control mechanisms.