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Coccidioidomycosis in a bottlenose dolphin

T H Reidarson1, L A Griner, D Pappagianis

  • 1Sea World of California, San Diego 92109, USA. tom.reidarson@anheuser-busch.com

Journal of Wildlife Diseases
|August 26, 1998
PubMed
Summary

A stranded bottlenose dolphin died from a Coccidioides immitis pulmonary infection. This is the first reported case of coccidioidomycosis, a fungal disease, in a cetacean species.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Mycology
  • Marine Mammal Pathology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Coccidioides immitis is a fungus endemic to arid regions of the Southwestern United States.
  • While infections are documented in terrestrial wildlife, cetacean susceptibility remains largely uncharacterized.
  • Marine mammals can be exposed to environmental fungal spores through various routes.

Observation:

  • A stranded bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus gilli) exhibited progressive respiratory distress and buoyancy issues.
  • Necropsy revealed pulmonary caseous nodules and lymphadenopathy.
  • Histopathology confirmed Coccidioides immitis in lung, lymph nodes, and brain tissues.

Findings:

  • Diagnostic tests confirmed Coccidioides immitis infection, with positive serum antibodies and negative morbillivirus serology.
  • The fungal infection, coccidioidomycosis, was identified as the cause of death.
  • This case represents the first documented instance of coccidioidomycosis in a cetacean.

Implications:

  • This finding expands the known host range for Coccidioides immitis.
  • It highlights the potential risk of fungal infections in marine mammals, particularly those in coastal or estuarine environments.
  • Further research is needed to understand transmission dynamics and clinical presentations in cetaceans.

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