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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

C Boshoff1, R A Weiss

  • 1Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.

Advances in Cancer Research
|August 26, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is linked to human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). This virus, also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is found in KS and related conditions, but its exact role remains under investigation.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor primarily affecting immunosuppressed individuals.
  • Epidemiological studies implicate an infectious agent in KS etiology.
  • Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), is a gamma herpesvirus consistently found in KS and related lymphoproliferative disorders like primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and HIV-associated multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of KSHV in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma and associated diseases.
  • To characterize the KSHV genome and its unique open reading frames (ORFs).
  • To explore the potential mechanisms by which KSHV contributes to disease development.

Main Methods:

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  • Genomic analysis of KSHV to identify unique ORFs.
  • Comparison of KSHV ORFs with those of other herpesviruses and cellular genes.
  • Serological assays to confirm the association between KSHV infection and KS risk.

    • Main Results:

    • KSHV genome contains novel ORFs, including homologs of cellular genes involved in growth control (Bcl-2, cyclin), angiogenesis (chemokine, cytokine), and immune regulation (CD21, IRF).
    • KSHV lacks direct homologs of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigens (EBNAs) and latent membrane proteins (LMPs), but possesses analogous proteins for latent expression (e.g., ORF 73 for LNA-1, K12).
    • Serological data strongly correlate KSHV infection with an increased risk of developing KS.

    Conclusions:

    • KSHV is a key factor in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma and related conditions.
    • The unique genetic makeup of KSHV, including pirated cellular genes, likely contributes to its oncogenic potential.
    • While the association is clear, the precise mechanisms by which KSHV triggers KS remain to be elucidated.