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Salmonella hepatitis

C Pramoolsinsap1, V Viranuvatti

  • 1Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|August 26, 1998
PubMed
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Salmonella hepatitis, a rare complication of typhoid fever, presents as acute hepatitis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a good prognosis, though severe cases can be fatal.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Typhoid fever can rarely cause severe liver damage presenting as acute hepatitis.
  • Salmonella hepatitis incidence ranges from less than 1% to 26% of enteric fever cases.
  • Factors influencing severity include bacterial virulence, delayed treatment, and patient health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical significance and characteristics of salmonella hepatitis.
  • To highlight diagnostic criteria and management of this rare complication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of reported cases of salmonella hepatitis.
  • Analysis of clinical features, pathogenesis, pathology, and outcomes.

Main Results:

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  • Clinical jaundice typically appears within two weeks of fever onset.
  • Hepatomegaly and elevated transaminases are common; hepatic encephalopathy is rare.
  • Salmonella culture from blood or stool confirms diagnosis; typhoid nodules are characteristic histopathology.

Conclusions:

  • Salmonella hepatitis, while rare, is clinically important and requires prompt recognition.
  • Specific antibiotic therapy generally leads to good outcomes, but delayed treatment increases mortality risk.
  • Understanding this complication is vital for managing enteric fever effectively.