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A diet supplement for captive wild ruminants

D L Baker1, G W Stout, M W Miller

  • 1Colorado Division of Wildlife, Research Center, Fort Collins 80526, USA.

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
|September 10, 1998
PubMed
Summary

This study compared a high-energy, high-protein supplement for captive wild ruminants. Mountain goats and sheep showed higher digestive efficiency, but intake varied by species.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Nutrition
  • Wildlife Biology
  • Digestive Physiology

Background:

  • Captive wild ruminants require supplemental diets for optimal health and productivity.
  • Commercial supplements exist, but few undergo rigorous intake and digestion trials.
  • Evaluating these diets is crucial for effective nutritional management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare voluntary intake, digestive efficiency, nitrogen retention, and energy utilization of five wild ruminant species fed a pelleted supplement.
  • To assess the suitability of a high-energy, high-protein supplement for captive wild ruminants.
  • To investigate species-specific responses to supplemental nutrition.

Main Methods:

  • Five species of captive wild ruminants (pronghorn, mule deer, mountain sheep, mountain goats, wapiti) were fed a pelleted supplement.

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  • Voluntary intake of dry matter, energy, and nitrogen was measured.
  • Digestive efficiency, nitrogen retention, and gross energy utilization were determined.
  • Apparent digestibility of key nutrients was analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Voluntary intake varied significantly among species, with mountain goats and sheep consuming less than pronghorn, mule deer, and wapiti.
    • Digestive efficiency was inversely related to intake rates.
    • Mountain goats and mountain sheep exhibited 10-20% higher apparent digestibility for dry matter, organic matter, and neutral-detergent fiber.
    • The supplement was found to be safe, palatable, and nutritionally adequate.

    Conclusions:

    • The high-energy, high-protein supplement meets or exceeds the nutritional requirements of the studied captive wild ruminants.
    • Mountain goats and mountain sheep demonstrate superior digestive efficiency compared to other species tested.
    • Further research is needed to account for seasonal and temperature effects on intake and digestion in wild ruminants.