Contraceptive testing of vaginal agents in rabbits

Development of new vaginal products, such as microbiocides and contraceptives, requires in vivo testing of their effect on fertility. Rabbits, unlike smaller laboratory animals such as rats and mice, which inseminate in the uterus, inseminate vaginally and thus are valuable as animal models for testing vaginal agents for contraceptive effects. Rabbits are inexpensive and easy to handle compared to nonhuman primates, and have frequently been used for testing the effects of vaginal agents on fertility. We review the pertinent literature and report findings that provide guidance for effectively using and improving the rabbit contraceptive model in testing new vaginal products.