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Related Experiment Videos

Europa's differentiated internal structure: inferences from four Galileo encounters

J D Anderson1, G Schubert, R A Jacobson

  • 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 25, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Galileo spacecraft data refines models of Jupiter

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Astrogeology
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Europa, a moon of Jupiter, is a key target in the search for extraterrestrial life.
  • Understanding Europa's internal structure is crucial for assessing its habitability.
  • Previous models suggested a differentiated interior, but direct evidence was limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To refine models of Europa's interior structure using radio Doppler data.
  • To constrain the possible composition and extent of Europa's core and mantle.
  • To determine the thickness of Europa's outer ice-and-liquid water shell.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of radio Doppler data collected during four Galileo spacecraft encounters with Europa.
  • Application of geophysical modeling to interpret the spacecraft's trajectory deviations.

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  • Comparison of observed data with predictions from various interior models.

    • Main Results:

    • Europa is likely differentiated into a metallic core, silicate mantle, and outer ice-liquid shell.
    • A uniform mixture of silicate and metal beneath the ice-liquid shell cannot be ruled out.
    • Europa's metallic core could be as large as 50% of its radius.
    • The thickness of the outer ice-liquid shell is estimated to be between 80 and 170 kilometers.

    Conclusions:

    • The interior structure of Europa is complex and not fully resolved by current data.
    • The potential for a subsurface ocean, indicated by the thick ice-liquid shell, supports Europa's astrobiological interest.
    • Further observations and modeling are needed to fully characterize Europa's core composition and internal differentiation.