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Related Experiment Videos

Defensiveness and essential hypertension

S J Mann1, G D James

  • 1Department of Medicine, Hypertension Center, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021, USA.

Journal of Psychosomatic Research
|September 30, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Defensiveness, not anger or anxiety, is linked to essential hypertension. High social desirability scores, indicating defensiveness, increased the risk of hypertension by 3.63 times.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Behavioral Medicine

Background:

  • Essential hypertension is a complex condition with multifactorial causes.
  • The role of psychological factors, such as defensiveness, anger, and anxiety, in hypertension remains an area of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between essential hypertension and defensiveness.
  • To determine if self-reported anger or anxiety are associated with hypertension.
  • To explore the relationship between psychological traits and hypertension risk.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty normotensive and 74 hypertensive subjects participated.
  • Participants completed the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), and Marlowe-Crowne Scale of Social Desirability.

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  • Statistical analyses included group comparisons and stepwise logistic regression.

    • Main Results:

    • Hypertensive and normotensive groups showed no significant differences in anger or anxiety scores.
    • The hypertensive group exhibited significantly higher Marlowe-Crowne Scale scores, indicating greater defensiveness (p=0.006).
    • High defensiveness (Marlowe-Crowne score ≥18) was associated with a 3.63-fold increased risk of hypertension, independent of age, gender, and BMI.

    Conclusions:

    • Defensiveness is more strongly associated with essential hypertension than self-reported anger or anxiety.
    • Understanding the mechanisms of defensiveness may be crucial for clarifying the link between emotions and hypertension.
    • Psychological factors, particularly defensiveness, warrant further investigation in the context of cardiovascular health.