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Gingival involvement in mucous membrane pemphigoid

F Y Bozkurt1, H Celenligil, A Sungur

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.

Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany : 1985)
|October 6, 1998
PubMed
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Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune blistering disease affecting the gums. Diagnosis involves clinical, histopathologic, and immunofluorescence findings, confirming IgG and C3 deposition.

Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Immunopathology

Background:

  • Desquamative gingivitis presents as painful, blistering gingival lesions.
  • Distinguishing it from other oral mucosal conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of painful, blistering gingival lesions without other mucosal or skin involvement.
  • Clinical examination revealed erythematous, edematous gingiva with ulcerations, intact/ruptured bullae, and white plaque-like areas.
  • Gingival manipulation led to epithelial desquamation.

Findings:

  • Histopathology showed separation of gingival epithelium and connective tissue at the bulla margin with inflammatory infiltrate.
  • Direct immunofluorescence revealed continuous linear deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3 at the basement membrane zone.

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Implications:

  • The combination of clinical presentation, histopathology, and immunofluorescence confirmed the diagnosis of mucous membrane pemphigoid.
  • This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach for desquamative gingivitis.
  • Accurate diagnosis is essential for initiating appropriate treatment and managing this chronic autoimmune condition.