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Related Concept Videos

Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
Transmission of Pathogens01:24

Transmission of Pathogens

Pathogens spread from their reservoirs to susceptible hosts through three main routes: contact transmission, vehicle transmission, and vector transmission. Each route involves distinct mechanisms of transfer.Contact TransmissionThis category includes direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet transmission:Direct contact involves immediate physical interaction between individuals—such as a handshake—which can spread pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes, the bacterium responsible for...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Enhanced Rabies Surveillance Using a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test
08:58

Enhanced Rabies Surveillance Using a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test

Published on: April 30, 2019

[Rabies is a risk for travelling children]

Y Rotivel1, M Goudal, S Wirth

  • 1Centre national de référence pour la rage, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|October 6, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Rabies is a deadly disease killing 50,000 annually, especially children. Pre-exposure vaccination is crucial for children traveling to endemic areas to prevent rabies.

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Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

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Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology
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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Context:

  • Rabies causes approximately 50,000 deaths yearly, disproportionately affecting children in Asia, Africa, South America, and Central Europe.
  • Modern rabies vaccines are both safe and effective in generating immunity.
  • The disease poses a significant threat, particularly in regions with endemic canine rabies populations.

Purpose:

  • To inform parents about the risks of rabies and the importance of vaccination for children.
  • To advocate for pre-exposure vaccination for children with frequent or extended travel to rabies-enzootic regions.
  • To emphasize the necessity of prompt post-exposure treatment with modern vaccines.

Summary:

  • Rabies remains a significant global health concern, with a high mortality rate, especially among young children.
  • The availability of safe and immunogenic modern rabies vaccines necessitates informed parental decisions regarding travel and vaccination.
  • Timely post-exposure prophylaxis is critical, and pre-exposure vaccination offers a vital protective measure, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Impact:

  • Increased awareness among parents regarding rabies risks and vaccination benefits.
  • Potential reduction in pediatric rabies cases through informed vaccination strategies.
  • Improved management of rabies exposure through timely and appropriate medical intervention.