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RNA localization in development

A Bashirullah¹, R L Cooperstock, H D Lipshitz

¹Program in Developmental Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.

Annual Review of Biochemistry

|October 6, 1998

Summary

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Cellular asymmetry is established through ancient cytoplasmic RNA localization. This process, crucial for animal development, involves precise mRNA and non-coding RNA transport and anchoring, directing cell fates and axis formation.

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cell Biology
Genetics

Background:

Cytoplasmic RNA localization is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism.
It generates cellular asymmetries essential for development.
Both coding (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs are involved.

Purpose of the Study:

To review RNA localization in animal development.
To explore mechanisms of RNA transport and anchoring.
To highlight the developmental functions of localized RNAs.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on RNA localization.
Analysis of RNA localization across various model organisms (Drosophila, Xenopus, etc.).
Identification of cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors involved.

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Main Results:

RNAs are localized in oocytes, embryos, and polarized cells.
Transport mechanisms include nuclear export, cytoskeletal association, and local entrapment.
Specific RNA elements (e.g., 3'-UTR) and RNA-binding proteins mediate targeting.

Conclusions:

Localized RNAs are critical for establishing body axes (antero-posterior, dorso-ventral).
RNA localization plays roles in cell fate determination and differentiation.
This mechanism is fundamental to developmental processes from yeast to mammals.