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Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
11:54

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Published on: January 21, 2018

Sinusitis in the common cold

T Puhakka1, M J Mäkelä, A Alanen

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Finland.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|October 13, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral sinusitis is common with colds but self-limiting. Imaging sinuses is unnecessary for colds unless bacterial infection is suspected, aiding appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

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Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
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Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Acute community-acquired sinusitis is often misattributed as a bacterial complication of the common cold.
  • Radiographic sinus abnormalities are prevalent in viral upper respiratory tract infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the incidence, clinical features, laboratory findings, and outcomes of radiologically confirmed sinusitis in young adults with the common cold.
  • To investigate the role of viral and bacterial etiologies in common cold-associated sinusitis.
  • To evaluate the preventive effect of intranasal fluticasone propionate on sinusitis.

Main Methods:

  • 197 patients with the common cold underwent clinical examinations and paranasal sinus radiography on days 1, 7, and 21.
  • Symptom tracking via diary cards, viral and bacterial etiology investigation, and inflammatory marker analysis (CRP, ESR, WBC).
  • Randomized controlled trial assessing intranasal fluticasone propionate for sinusitis prevention.

Main Results:

  • On day 7, 39% of placebo group patients exhibited sinusitis, predominantly linked to viral infection (81.6%).
  • Clinical symptoms did not differentiate between sinusitis and non-sinusitis groups; inflammatory markers were low.
  • All patients recovered within 21 days without antibiotics; fluticasone propionate showed a trend towards preventing sinusitis.

Conclusions:

  • Viral sinusitis is a frequent, self-limiting condition in the early stages of the common cold.
  • Routine sinus imaging for common cold patients is not recommended unless specific signs of bacterial sinusitis are present.
  • Early clinical improvement in common cold symptoms suggests a viral etiology, obviating the need for imaging.