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Related Experiment Videos

Dopamine DRD4 receptor polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

D C Rowe1, C Stever, L N Giedinghagen

  • 1Interdisciplinary Graduate Committee on Genetics, University of Arizona, USA. dcr091@ag.arizona.edu

Molecular Psychiatry
|October 17, 1998
PubMed
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The dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) 7-repeat allele is linked to ADHD-inattentive type symptoms. This high-risk allele was more common in children with ADHD-inattentive type and associated with increased inattentive symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Neurogenetics
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Psychiatric Genetics

Background:

  • The dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene is implicated in various behavioral traits and disorders.
  • A specific polymorphism, a 48-bp repeat in exon 3, is known to influence gene function.
  • The 7-repeat allele of DRD4 is considered a high-risk variant for several conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the DRD4 7-repeat allele and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • To examine the relationship of this allele with ADHD-inattentive type and ADHD-combined type.
  • To explore the genetic linkage of the 7-repeat allele with specific ADHD symptom dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Case-control association study comparing allele frequencies in children with ADHD and controls.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of genetically discordant sibling pairs to assess within-family associations.
  • Transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT) to evaluate linkage with ADHD symptoms.

    • Main Results:

    • The DRD4 7-repeat allele was significantly more frequent in children with ADHD-inattentive type compared to controls.
    • In sibling pairs, a higher number of 7-repeat alleles correlated with greater inattentive symptoms.
    • While the 7-repeat allele was more frequent in ADHD-combined type, TDT did not find significant linkage with hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

    Conclusions:

    • The DRD4 7-repeat allele shows a significant association with ADHD-inattentive type.
    • Genetic evidence suggests a link between the DRD4 7-repeat allele and inattentive symptom severity.
    • The association with hyperactive-impulsive symptoms was not supported by transmission disequilibrium tests.