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Middle-range theory of chronic sorrow
G G Eakes1, M L Burke, M A Hainsworth
1School of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA. eakesg@mail.ecu.edu
Image--The Journal of Nursing Scholarship
|October 17, 1998
Summary
Chronic sorrow, a normal response to ongoing loss, is explained by a new nursing theory. This theory helps understand and support individuals experiencing persistent grief from significant life changes.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Theory
- Psychosocial Health
- Grief Studies
Background:
- Chronic sorrow is a recurring, pervasive sadness linked to significant loss.
- Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for individuals and healthcare providers.
- Existing frameworks may not fully capture the persistent nature of this grief.
Purpose of the Study:
- Introduce a middle-range nursing theory of chronic sorrow.
- Define chronic sorrow as a normal response to ongoing disparity and loss.
- Provide a framework for understanding and managing chronic sorrow.
Main Methods:
- Concept analysis and critical review of existing research.
- Validation through 10 qualitative studies across diverse loss situations.
- Development of a model including antecedents, triggers, and management strategies.
Main Results:
- The theory effectively explains experiences of chronic sorrow across the lifespan.
- Identified antecedents, triggers, and internal/external management methods.
- Demonstrated utility in various loss contexts including chronic illness and bereavement.
Conclusions:
- Chronic sorrow is a normal, albeit difficult, response to significant and ongoing loss.
- Nurses should recognize and validate chronic sorrow.
- Supportive interventions should focus on fostering positive coping and increasing comfort.