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The quantification of patch test responses: a comparison between echographic and colorimetric methods
1Department of Dermatology, University of Modena, Italy.
Acta Dermato-Venereologica
|October 21, 1998
Summary
Instrumental methods objectively quantify patch test reactions. Echography distinguishes high-intensity reactions, while colorimetry is useful for minimal allergen concentrations and subclinical responses.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Allergology
- Biophysics
Background:
- Patch testing is crucial for diagnosing allergies but relies on subjective clinical grading.
- Objective instrumental methods are needed for research and dose-response studies.
- Colorimetric and echographic techniques offer objective quantification of inflammatory reactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare colorimetric and echographic methods for evaluating patch test reaction intensity.
- To assess the suitability of these methods for different reaction severities and research applications.
Main Methods:
- Patch tests with 5% nickel sulfate were performed on 120 nickel-sensitive patients.
- Clinical grading and instrumental measurements (colorimetry, echography) were taken at 72 hours.
- Instrumental data were compared with clinical assessments of reaction severity (+, +2, +3).
Main Results:
- Echographic parameters accurately distinguished between +, +2, and +3 reactions by quantifying edema and inflammation.
- Colorimetric a* values (erythema) could not differentiate between +2 and +3 reactions.
- Instrumental measurements provided objective, quantifiable data suitable for statistical analysis.
Conclusions:
- Echography is recommended for quantifying severe skin reactions in patch testing.
- Colorimetry is valuable for dose-response studies and detecting subclinical allergic reactions.
- Instrumental methods enhance the objectivity and research utility of patch testing.