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Auditory hallucinations: a comparison between patients and nonpatients

A Honig1, M A Romme, B J Ensink

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Academic Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
|October 27, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Auditory hallucinations share similar forms across schizophrenia, dissociative disorders, and nonpatient groups. Differences lie in content and emotional experience, often linked to trauma reactivation in patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Auditory hallucinations are a common symptom in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and dissociative disorders.
  • Understanding the nature of these hallucinations in different populations is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Nonpatient voice-hearers offer a unique perspective on the experience of auditory hallucinations.

Observation:

  • This study compared the form and content of chronic auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia, dissociative disorders, and nonpatient voice-hearers.
  • The structural characteristics (form) of hallucinatory experiences showed no significant differences between the three groups.
  • Key differences emerged in the content, emotional valence, and perceived control over the voices.

Findings:

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  • The form of auditory hallucinations was consistent across patient and nonpatient groups, regardless of diagnosis.
  • Nonpatient voice-hearers reported predominantly positive voices, feeling in control and experiencing less distress.
  • Patients frequently experienced voices preceded by trauma, with distress linked to trauma reactivation and negative voice content.

Implications:

  • The findings suggest that the underlying phenomenology of auditory hallucinations may be more similar than previously thought.
  • Trauma and abuse appear significantly associated with the disability incurred by hearing voices in patient groups.
  • This research highlights the importance of considering trauma history in understanding and managing auditory hallucinations.