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Decrease in vitamin C concentration in human lenses during cataract progression

F Tessier1, V Moreaux, I Birlouez-Aragon

  • 1Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Institut National Agronomique, Paris, France.

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition
|October 28, 1998
PubMed
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Lens vitamin C concentration declines with cataract severity, particularly in advanced stages. This suggests that oxidative stress and declining vitamin C levels play a role in cataract progression.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biochemistry
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Cataract formation is linked to oxidative stress, which depletes antioxidant defenses in the eye lens.
  • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays a crucial role in protecting the lens from oxidative damage.
  • Oxidized vitamin C contributes to protein glycation and the formation of insoluble, fluorescent cross-links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cataract severity and vitamin C concentration in the human lens.
  • To assess the role of oxidative stress in cataract progression by measuring key biochemical markers.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 48 cataractous lens nuclei across four severity grades based on color and opacity.
  • Quantified ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid using HPLC-fluorescence.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured Amadori products (furosine), advanced glycation end products (fluorescence), and tryptophan (HPLC-UV).

    • Main Results:

    • Lens vitamin C concentration significantly decreased with increasing cataract severity.
    • Severe brown cataracts showed markedly lower vitamin C levels (approx. 50 mumol/100 g) compared to mild cataracts (approx. 88 mumol/100 g).
    • Advanced glycation end products' fluorescence increased with cataract severity, and the tryptophan/tyrosine ratio correlated with ascorbic acid levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Vitamin C concentration in the lens serves as a reliable indicator of cataract severity.
    • The findings support the hypothesis that oxidative stress and reduced vitamin C contribute to cataract progression.