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Clinical cowpox cases in Norway

M Tryland1, H Myrmel, L Holtet

  • 1Department of Arctic Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Tromsø.

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
|October 28, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Cowpox virus infection re-emerged in Norway in 1994, with human and feline cases presenting severe skin lesions. Diagnosis was confirmed via electron microscopy and chicken embryo cultivation, marking a significant viral resurgence.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Human Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cowpox virus (CPXV) was historically linked to smallpox vaccination in Norway.
  • CPXV had not been definitively diagnosed in Norway for nearly a century prior to these cases.

Observation:

  • A 37-year-old woman presented with a severe, ulcerating eye lesion and dermatitis.
  • A 6-month-old cat exhibited widespread crater-like skin ulcers, fever, and anorexia.

Findings:

  • Electron microscopy and chicken embryo inoculation confirmed CPXV as the causative agent in both human and feline infections.
  • The human case resulted in a slow-healing ulcer and scarring.
  • The feline case recovered following supportive care, skin lesion revision, and toe amputation.

Implications:

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  • This re-emergence highlights the potential for CPXV to reappear in regions where it was previously considered eradicated.
  • It underscores the importance of diagnostic vigilance for zoonotic viral diseases in both human and animal populations.
  • Further research into current CPXV reservoirs and transmission dynamics in Norway is warranted.