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Dietary risk factors associated with the transmission of Helicobacter pylori in Lima, Peru
R E Begue1, J L Gonzales, H Correa-Gracian
1Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, USA.
Insights
Helicobacter pylori infection risk factors in children are unclear. Increased infection rates were linked to consuming street food and less fruit, suggesting unhygienic food preparation transmits H. pylori.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- The transmission routes for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are not fully understood.
- Identifying risk factors is crucial for preventing H. pylori acquisition, especially in children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate demographic and dietary factors associated with H. pylori infection in children undergoing endoscopy.
- To explore potential food-related transmission pathways of H. pylori.
Main Methods:
- A study of 104 children (0-17 years) with gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Collection of demographic and dietary data, including H. pylori identification via gastric antrum biopsies.
- Statistical analysis to compare infected and uninfected children.
Main Results:
- Helicobacter pylori infection was identified in 50% of the children.
- Infected children were significantly older than uninfected children.
- Increased H. pylori prevalence correlated with higher street food consumption and lower fruit intake.
Conclusions:
- Dietary factors, particularly street food consumption, play a significant role in H. pylori transmission.
- Unhygienic food preparation is a probable mechanism for H. pylori acquisition in developing countries.
- Further research into food safety interventions is warranted.
Abstract:
The factors influencing the risk of acquisition of Helicobacter pylori infection are not well established. One hundred four children (0-17 years of age) requiring an endoscopy for the evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms had demographic and dietary data collected and biopsy specimens of the gastric antrum stained for the identification of H. pylori. The 52 (50%) infected subjects were significantly older than the uninfected ones with no difference in gender, crowding, source of drinking water, or exposure to domestic animals. Increased prevalence of infection was associated with increased consumption of food from street vendors, and decreased consumption of fruits in the subgroup that denied consuming food from street vendors. No association was found with consumption of fish, chicken, beef, beans, vegetables, rice, cheese, milk, and unboiled water. These findings support the role of food prepared under unhygienic conditions as a probable mechanism of transmission of H. pylori in developing countries.
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