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Aging and the negative priming effect: a meta-analysis

P Verhaeghen1, L De Meersman

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium. pverhaeg@psych.syr.edu

Psychology and Aging
|October 30, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Older adults show a smaller negative priming effect than younger adults, though both age groups experience this cognitive phenomenon. This meta-analysis examined age differences in identity and location negative priming tasks.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Development

Background:

  • The negative priming effect is a well-documented cognitive phenomenon.
  • Understanding age-related differences in cognitive processing is crucial for gerontology and psychology.
  • Previous research has yielded mixed results regarding age differences in negative priming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis investigating adult age differences in the negative priming effect.
  • To examine age-related variations in both identity and location negative priming tasks.
  • To determine if the negative priming effect is proportional or additive and its magnitude across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of 21 studies on identity negative priming and 8 studies on location negative priming.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Inclusion of data from both younger and older adult participants.
  • Application of state trace analysis to identity negative priming data to model the effect's nature.

    • Main Results:

    • Both younger and older adults exhibit susceptibility to the negative priming effect.
    • Effect sizes were homogeneous, suggesting no significant moderator variables.
    • State trace analysis revealed a proportional negative priming effect, which was smaller in older adults compared to younger adults.

    Conclusions:

    • The negative priming effect is present in both younger and older adults.
    • Cognitive processing differences exist between age groups regarding negative priming.
    • Older adults demonstrate a reduced negative priming effect, indicating age-related changes in inhibitory control or processing efficiency.