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In vitro corrosion of titanium

R Strietzel1, A Hösch, H Kalbfleisch

  • 1BEGO, Bremer Goldschlägerei, Bremen, Germany.

Biomaterials
|October 30, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Titanium dental implants show minimal ion release comparable to gold alloys. However, fluoride significantly increases titanium ion release, especially at low pH, necessitating caution during dental procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials
  • Corrosion Science

Background:

  • Titanium's excellent chemical, physical, and biological properties make it ideal for dental implants and frameworks.
  • Understanding titanium's corrosion behavior is crucial for evaluating its biocompatibility in oral environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the corrosion behavior of titanium under various conditions relevant to dental applications.
  • To quantify ion release from titanium and assess the influence of different factors, including chemical agents and preparation methods.

Main Methods:

  • Static immersion tests were performed on titanium specimens.
  • Parameters evaluated included specimen preparation, grinding, pH, casting systems, CAD/CAM comparison, and exposure to chloride, thiocyanate, fluoride, lactate, citrate, oxalate, and acetate.
  • Atomic absorption spectroscopy and photometry were used for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Titanium exhibited low ion release rates [(0.01-0.1) microg/(cm2 x d)], similar to gold alloys.
  • Grinding and casting systems had minimal impact compared to organic acids or pH.
  • Fluoride exposure dramatically increased ion release (up to 500 microg/(cm2 x d)), exacerbated by low pH.

Conclusions:

  • While clinically no corrosion effects were observed, fluoride presence significantly enhances titanium ion release.
  • It is recommended to avoid fluoride or minimize contact time with titanium dental materials.
  • Utilizing varnish during prophylactic fluoridation is advised to protect dental restorations.

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