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Indoor emissions from conversion varnishes

E M Howard1, R C McCrillis, K A Krebs

  • 1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)
|November 3, 1998
PubMed
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Conversion varnishes emit significantly more formaldehyde than initially present. These emissions, particularly formaldehyde, are a concern for indoor air quality from finished cabinets.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Indoor Air Quality

Background:

  • Conversion varnishes are widely used for cabinet finishing due to their durability and appearance.
  • Concerns exist regarding the contribution of these coatings to indoor organic compound emissions.
  • Formaldehyde is a common emission of concern from building materials and finishes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the volatile organic compound (VOC) and free formaldehyde content of conversion varnishes.
  • To identify and quantify emissions from conversion varnishes applied to wood substrates.
  • To assess formaldehyde release during curing and aging of these coatings.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of total volatile content using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 24.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Determination of free formaldehyde content via sodium sulfite titration.
  • Identification of resin components using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
  • Quantification of emissions using dynamic small chamber tests on coated wood substrates.

    • Main Results:

    • Formaldehyde emissions were 2.3 to 8.1 times higher than the free formaldehyde content in the varnishes.
    • Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identified individual organic compounds in the varnish resins.
    • A long-term emission rate of 0.17 mg/m²/hr for formaldehyde was observed after 115 days.

    Conclusions:

    • Conversion varnishes can be a significant source of formaldehyde emissions into indoor environments.
    • Emitted compounds during curing and aging may differ from the initial formulation.
    • Further investigation into reducing formaldehyde emissions from conversion varnishes is warranted.