High concentrations of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor in human seminal plasma and prostatic tissues

During purification procedures to isolate kallikrein hK2 from human seminal plasma, kallikrein hK2 was found to be associated with another protein after several chromatographic steps. This study was conducted to identify the hK2 companion protein and characterize its properties and distribution. The protein was identified as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by its NH2-terminal amino acid sequence. It had an enzymatic activity identical to that of recombinant MIF. Its concentration varied between 1 and 10 micrograms/mL in various seminal plasma. By immunohistochemical analysis, MIF was found to be localized mainly in the epithelial cells of normal and cancerous prostates. Since MIF is a well-known proinflammatory mediator, these results suggest that it may have important functions in both human reproduction and prostatic physiology.