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Postorthodontic dental changes: a longitudinal study

R A Gardner, E F Harris, J L Vaden

    American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
    |November 11, 1998
    PubMed
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    Adult orthodontic patients experience minimal dental changes after treatment, with most observed shifts attributed to continued skeletal growth. Long-term follow-up confirms stability in dental relationships post-orthodontic care.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthodontics
    • Dental Growth and Development
    • Cephalometric Analysis

    Background:

    • Orthodontic treatment typically occurs during adolescence, a period of significant skeletal growth.
    • Skeletal growth continues at a slower pace into adulthood, potentially influencing long-term orthodontic outcomes.
    • Maintaining stable and esthetic dental relationships post-treatment requires ongoing evaluation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess long-term dental and skeletal changes in adults following comprehensive orthodontic treatment.
    • To differentiate between true dental changes and those resulting from continued skeletal growth.
    • To evaluate the stability of orthodontic results into adulthood.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal study of 36 individuals who underwent comprehensive orthodontic treatment.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Cephalometric analysis of dental and skeletal changes from the in-treatment phase through two adult recalls (ages ~22 and ~30).
  • Assessment of specific dental relationship variables, including FMIA, IMPA, and molar angulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant changes in absolute tooth positions were observed, primarily due to continued growth of skeletal reference structures, not intrinsic dental changes.
    • Skeletal growth continued at a slow rate between the ages of ~22 and ~30.
    • Key dental relationship measurements (FMIA, IMPA, molar angulation) showed no systematic changes after orthodontic treatment completion.

    Conclusions:

    • Post-orthodontic treatment dental stability is largely maintained, with observed positional shifts mainly driven by residual skeletal growth.
    • Long-term monitoring is crucial for understanding the influence of adult skeletal development on orthodontic outcomes.
    • Orthodontic interventions achieve stable dental relationships that persist into adulthood, despite ongoing, albeit slow, skeletal changes.